germany official language

German is thus considered a pluricentric language. For example, the Goethe-Institut teaches the Goethe-Zertifikat German language qualification. In some older dictionaries or indexes, initial Sch and St are treated as separate letters and are listed as separate entries after S, but they are usually treated as S+C+H and S+T. This sound shift involved a drastic change in the pronunciation of both voiced and voiceless stop consonants (b, d, g, and p, t, k, respectively). It's the sole official language of Germany, Austria and Liechtenstein, and it's a co-official language in Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourg. The official language is German (Standard German, German: Hochdeutsch), a variety of German dialects are spoken in specific regions. Each of them is spoken in different regions. Recognized minority languages have official status as well, usually in their respective regions. The East Franconian dialect branch is one of the most spoken dialect branches in Germany. These dialects are spoken in the region of Franconia and in the central parts of Saxon Vogtland. The language is the official language of six countries, all of which are located in Europe. These dialects can be quite distinct from one another! The Middle High German period is generally seen as ending when the 1346–53 Black Death decimated Europe's population.[11]. Found insideFor instance, the varieties of Dutch and German spoken along the political border between the Netherlands and Germany are closely related and ... In Switzerland, there are four official languages: German, French, Italian and Romansch. This convention is almost unique to German today (shared perhaps only by the closely related Luxembourgish language and several insular dialects of the North Frisian language), but it was historically common in other languages such as Danish (which abolished the capitalization of nouns in 1948) and English. In 1872, grammatical and orthographic rules first appeared in the Duden Handbook.[18]. [31] The period of German colonialism in Namibia also led to the evolution of a Standard German-based pidgin language called "Namibian Black German", which became a second language for parts of the indigenous population. This is the first full-length study to examine the links between high Romantic literature and what has often been thought of as a merely popular genre - the Gothic. As a result of the German diaspora, as well as the popularity of German taught as a foreign language,[22][23] the geographical distribution of German speakers (or "Germanophones") spans all inhabited continents. Also related to German are the Frisian languages—North Frisian (spoken in Nordfriesland), Saterland Frisian (spoken in Saterland), and West Frisian (spoken in Friesland)—as well as the Anglic languages of English and Scots. For example, the English sentence "Should he go home?" Afghanistan Support for German nationals and other vulnerable people Despite dangerous conditions, the Federal Armed Forces succeeded in bringing more than 5,300 people to safety out of Kabul in . The orthography reform of 1996 led to public controversy and considerable dispute. [10], However, the English of German schoolchildren is generally not as good as that of their peers in Scandinavian countries. West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe, (Listen to a German speaker recite the alphabet in German). The High Franconian dialects are transitional dialects between Central and Upper German. Regional language in: Belgium, Brazil, Italy, Namibia . A proper use of the long s (langes s), ſ, is essential for writing German text in Fraktur typefaces. Traditionally, this letter was used in three situations: Examples are Füße, paßt, and daß. It was the predominant language in Northern Germany until the 16th century. In Brazil, the largest concentrations of German speakers are in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (where Riograndenser Hunsrückisch developed), Santa Catarina, and Espírito Santo.[40]. Germany is a multilingual country with about 67% of the Germans having the ability to speak at least one foreign language. This test was jointly developed by the Goethe Institute and telc gGmbH. German is one of the official and working languages of the European Union. This is done by holding exhibitions and conferences with German-related themes, and providing training and guidance in the learning and use of the German language. [70], Umlaut vowels (ä, ö, ü) are commonly transcribed with ae, oe, and ue if the umlauts are not available on the keyboard or other medium used. You can breeze through Germany and Austria with confidence and success, without spending months on preparation. English. With the increasing wealth and geographic spread of the Germanic groups came greater use of German in the courts of nobles as the standard language of official proceedings and literature. Copies of Luther's Bible featured a long list of glosses for each region, translating words which were unknown in the region into the regional dialect. A number of German varieties have developed in the country and are still spoken today, such as Pennsylvania German and Texas German. Globalization has many faces. One of them is the transformation of language regimes. This book provides an in-depth account of how two second-tier languages, Japanese and German, are affected by this process. German is therefore closely related to the other languages based on High German dialects, such as Luxembourgish (based on Central Franconian dialects) and Yiddish. German (official), Alemannic dialect: 127: Lithuania: Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census) 128: Luxembourg: Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language) 129: Macau [59] Nevertheless, topologically these dialects are structurally and phonologically far more similar to Dutch, than to German and form the both the smallest and most divergent dialect cluster within the contemporary German language area.[60]. Claim: A proposal to make German the official language of the United States of America was defeated in Congress by one vote. Belgium has three official languages: Dutch, French and German. To avoid confusion with similar names, lower case ß was maintained (thus "KREßLEIN" instead of "KRESSLEIN"). It is a West Germanic language that is also the most commonly spoken first language in the European Union. It is the Austrian counterpart to the German Duden and contains a number of terms unique to Austrian German or more frequently used or differently pronounced there. (Soll er nach Hause gehen?). Thus, Notker Labeo was able to translate Aristotelian treatises into pure (Old High) German in the decades after the year 1000. List of official, national and spoken Languages of Europe. In certain regions, they have replaced the traditional German dialects, especially in Northern Germany. Found insideScholars agree this volume has exerted a singularly important influence on Middle Eastern culture, akin to Shakespeare's role in the sphere of Western letters. Pforte, Tafel, Mauer, Käse, Köln from Latin porta, tabula, murus, caseus, Colonia). [26], As of 2012[update], about 90 million people, or 16% of the European Union's population spoke German as their mother tongue, making it the second most widely spoken language on the continent after Russian and the second biggest language in terms of overall speakers (after English).[1]. Not only are university programs offered in various languages, but it makes everyday communication easier. NEW. This dictionary was created by the Brothers Grimm, and is composed of 16 parts which were issued between 1852 and 1860. [7] At this point monasteries, where most written works were produced, were dominated by Latin, and German saw only occasional use in official and ecclesiastical writing. At one point, the dispute reached the highest court, which quickly dismissed it, claiming that the states had to decide for themselves and that only in schools could the reform be made the official rule – everybody else could continue writing as they had learned it. Significantly, these texts include a number of impressive secular works, such as the Nibelungenlied, an epic poem telling the story of the dragon-slayer Siegfried (c. thirteenth century), and the Iwein, an Arthurian verse poem by Hartmann von Aue (c. 1203), lyric poems, and courtly romances such as Parzival and Tristan. Germany (German: Deutschland, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ()), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a country in Central Europe.The country's full name is sometimes shortened to the FRG (or the BRD, in German).. To the north of Germany are the North and Baltic Seas, and the kingdom of Denmark.To the east of Germany are the countries of Poland and the . In Northern Germany, Standard German was a foreign language to most inhabitants, whose native dialects were subsets of Low German. Found inside – Page 1This portable guide covers the most important basics, including: The German alphabet and translation Greetings and conversation starters Common questions and answers Verb tenses and sentence structure With step-by-step instructions, ... German is a fusional language with a moderate degree of inflection, with three grammatical genders; as such, there can be a large number of words derived from the same root. The colonial history of France has helped . Found inside – Page 161national. centers. of. the. German. language. Ulrich Ammon 1. The German-speaking nations Though German has not been spread by ... 162) shows those nations where German is an official language: Germany, Austria and Liechtenstein. In a dictionary Ärzte comes after Arzt, but in some dictionaries Ärzte and all other words starting with Ä may occur after all words starting with A. Written German also typically uses an alternative opening inverted comma (quotation mark) as in „Guten Morgen!“. In each of these regions, German, along with the official language of the host nation, is an official language on the administrative level. In a declarative sentence in English, if the subject does not occur before the predicate, the sentence could well be misunderstood. German dialects (namely Hunsrik and East Pomeranian) are recognized languages in the following municipalities in Brazil: Small concentrations of German-speakers and their descendants are also found in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Venezuela, and Bolivia. In Switzerland and Liechtenstein, ss is used instead of ß. Of particular interest to scholars, however, has been the Hildebrandslied, a secular epic poem telling the tale of an estranged father and son unknowingly meeting each other in battle. Any lower case "s" at the beginning of a syllable would be a long s, as opposed to a terminal s or short s (the more common variation of the letter s), which marks the end of a syllable; for example, in differentiating between the words Wachſtube (guard-house) and Wachstube (tube of polish/wax). So in the cities, you will hear lots of other languages, especially Turkish and Italian. Saying Germany in Middle-Eastern Languages. Rwanda: French, English, and Kinyarwanda. [33] German is used in a wide variety of spheres throughout the country, especially in business, tourism, and public signage, as well as in education, churches (most notably the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK)), other cultural spheres such as music, and media (such as German language radio programs by the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation). [31] German, Afrikaans, and several indigenous languages thus became "national languages" by law, identifying them as elements of the cultural heritage of the nation and ensuring that the state acknowledged and supported their presence in the country. The various regional dialects spoken south of these lines are grouped as High German dialects, while those spoken to the north comprise the Low German/Low Saxon and Low Franconian dialects. It is also spoken by a large percentage of the population in Liechtenstein, Luxembourg and it is an official language in Belgium. Its growing popularity as the official language of business has resulted in more German businesses officially adopting English as their main language. German is the second most widely spoken Germanic language after English. The Germanic languages are traditionally subdivided into three branches, North Germanic, East Germanic, and West Germanic. Found insideWith Scientific Babel, Michael D. Gordin resurrects that lost world, in part through an ingenious mechanism: the pages of his highly readable narrative account teem with footnotes—not offering background information, but presenting quoted ... In a scholarly context, the borrowings from Latin have continued until today, in the last few decades often indirectly through borrowings from English. Which makes perfect sense to me. [67], The Duden is the de facto official dictionary of the German language, first published by Konrad Duden in 1880. What Languages Are Spoken In Puerto Rico? The states (Bundesländer) of North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria refused to accept it. Soon after, intellectuals, who had initially resisted the German language, followed suit. "saints' light": halo (as a religious term), lit. Also noteworthy is the Sachsenspiegel, the first book of laws written in Middle Low German (c. 1220). In that case, pairs like Bären/Beeren 'bears/berries' or Ähre/Ehre 'spike (of wheat)/honour' become homophonous (see: Captain Bluebear). Found inside – Page 39THE GERMAN LANGUAGE 3 G erman is the first language of nearly 100 million people in more than twenty countries . It is the official language of Germany and Austria and one of the official languages of Switzerland . German — 129 Million Speakers. The auxiliary verb is still in second position. The primary effects of the shift were the following below. Learn more about the German language. The th sound, which the English language still has, disappeared on the continent in German with the consonant shifts between the 8th and 10th centuries. That doesn't account for the many millions more . Facts about the German language, learning tips, free language courses and important links for people learning or teaching German. Swiss Standard German is used in the Swiss education system, while Austrian German is officially used in the Austrian education system. Officials estimate that about 95 million people speak German as a first language. The status of Plautdietsch as a German variety or separate language is subject to discussion. Found inside' Philip Mansel Telling the story of its people and its rulers, from its medieval origins up to the present day, Berlin is a fascinating and informative history of an extraordinary city from the author of the international bestseller ... Prague (German: Prag) and Budapest (Buda, German: Ofen), to name two examples, were gradually Germanized in the years after their incorporation into the Habsburg domain; others, like Pozsony (German: Pressburg, now Bratislava), were originally settled during the Habsburg period and were primarily German at that time. In German, the word "danke" or "thanks" actually means "no."If someone asks you if you would like a drink, make . Starting with the 2017 microcensus (a survey with a sampling fraction of 1% of the persons and households in Germany that supplies basic sociodemographic data and facilitates ongoing monitoring of the labor market), a question asking, "Which language is being spoken predominantly in your household?" Instead of the usual infinitive ending -en, German verbs are indicated by a hyphen after their stems. The European Commission has just announced an agreement whereby English will be the official language of the European Union rather than German, which was the other possibility. Since the 39th edition in 2001 the orthography of the ÖWB has been adjusted to the German spelling reform of 1996. The government-backed Goethe-Institut,[77] (named after Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) aims to enhance the knowledge of German culture and language within Europe and the rest of the world. Note that stressed short /ɛ/ can be spelled either with e or with ä (for instance, hätte 'would have' and Kette 'chain' rhyme). Thus, Lache is homographous between [laːxə] Lache "puddle" and [laxə] Lache "manner of laughing" (colloquial) or lache! Found inside – Page 70French is the only official language in Old Belgium . ... There only one of the Belgian facilities to protect minorities applies - namely the exceptional use of German in correspondence with governmental bodies . The status of Luxembourgish as a German variety or separate language is subject to discussion. In fact, there are seven countries where German is the official language or a dominant one. German is the third most commonly taught language in the world. Until the early 20th century, German was printed in blackletter typefaces (in Fraktur, and in Schwabacher), and written in corresponding handwriting (for example Kurrent and Sütterlin). Nevertheless, in today's Germany, Low Saxon/Low German is often perceived as a dialectal variation of Standard German on a functional level even by many native speakers. (In contrast, although English can also string nouns together, it usually separates the nouns with spaces. [15] Nevertheless, even with the influence of Luther's Bible as an unofficial written standard, a widely accepted standard for written German did not appear until the middle of the eighteenth century.[16]. [1] This would imply the existence of approximately 175–220 million German speakers worldwide. A great wealth of texts survives from the MHG period. Karl Wachholtz, Neumünster, 1973, p. 9–27. Another important influx of Latin words can be observed during Renaissance humanism. German is the most widely taught third language across the world. German is a pluricentric language; the three standardized variants are German, Austrian, and Swiss Standard High German. 1949 - Germany is split into East and . If the vowel is followed by a double consonant (e.g. The following countries also adopt three languages as their official languages, according to indy100.com. Other prefixes have only the vaguest meaning in themselves; ver- is found in a number of verbs with a large variety of meanings, as in versuchen (to try) from suchen (to seek), vernehmen (to interrogate) from nehmen (to take), verteilen (to distribute) from teilen (to share), verstehen (to understand) from stehen (to stand). "This book investigates the history of national disunity in Germany since the end of the Second World War from a linguistic perspective: what was the role of language in the ideological conflicts of the Cold War and in the difficult process ... German was the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire, which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe. While these states were still under the control of the Holy Roman Empire, and far from any form of unification, the desire for a cohesive written language that would be understandable across the many German-speaking principalities and kingdoms was stronger than ever. Found insideLanguage of the Proceedings of the Court 8.4.2.1 First Instance Basic Rule The basic rule is that the language of proceedings before: – Local Divisions is typically the official language (or one of the official languages)163 of the ... This figure includes speakers of Northern Low Saxon, a recognized minority or regional language that is not considered separately from Standard German in statistics.Recognized minority languages have official status as . Deutsche Welle also provides an e-learning website for teaching German. Germany Visa Fee.
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